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Itinerari nella Storia
del Teatro Inglese
Il Teatro inglese, una passione
Il mio grande interesse per il teatro e la recitazione. Questa forma d’arte ha da sempre esercitato su di me un fascino profondo, una grandissima attrazione. Questo interesse si è evoluto nel corso degli anni di studi accademici alla Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia, nel Corso di Laurea in Lingue e Letterature Straniere Moderne, e si è nutrito del prezioso insegnamento del mio relatore di Tesi, il prof. Masolino D’Amico. Le sue lezioni di Storia del Teatro Inglese hanno alimentato questa passione e mi hanno guidato verso una comprensione migliore di tale forma d’arte e la magia che da essa emana.
Il teatro, infatti, tende ad immergere lo spettatore in una dimensione mitica, sospensiva del mondo reale e Romeo e Giulietta, da questo punto di vista, costituisce davvero un caso esemplare. L’intenzione fondamentale della mia Tesi è stata di seguire dunque l’opera nella sua evoluzione scenica e linguistica, intenzione mossa dal desiderio di capire come essa è cambiata nelle successive rappresentazioni delle diverse epoche storiche.
Nel mio lavoro ho studiato tre cicli di rappresentazioni, nella fattispecie la rivisitazione di David Garrick, per il XVIII secolo, quella delle sorelle Charlotte e Susan Cushman, per il XIX secolo, ed infine, l’allestimento di Franco Zeffirelli all’Old Vic Theatre, nel 1960 per il XX secolo.
Una scelta non casuale ma dettata da precise motivazioni: tre rappresentazioni proposte di fronte al pubblico inglese e tutte e tre emblematiche, caratterizzazioni tipiche della loro epoca.
La mia intenzione e la mia curiosità sono state quelle di capire nei vari secoli, dall’epoca elisabettiana ad oggi, come l’opera sia stata rappresentata dagli attori, se una certa interpretazione da parte di un dato attore abbia trovato consenso oppure, se abbia modificato l’immagine consueta del suo personaggio tra il pubblico, tra i critici e tra gli stessi colleghi attori del periodo; se un attore è stato imitato o non lo è stato dai suoi successori, e ancora le varie differenze nella resa scenica delle singole rappresentazioni rispetto al testo originario.
Riporto per gli studiosi appassionati come me alcuni utili link della bibliografia del mio lavoro.
Una Bibliografia di Storia del Teatro Inglese, filologica e passionale
AUTORI
A-D
Auburn Mark S., Theatre in the age of Garrick and Sheridan. Sheridan Studies. Edited by James Morwood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Baker David E., Biographia Dramatica; Or, A Companion to the Playhouse. London: Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1812, 3 vols.
Barrett Lawrence, Charlotte Cushman. New York: The Dunlap Society, 1889.
Bate Jonathan and Jackson Russell, Shakespeare: an illustrated stage history. London: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Bate Jonathan, The Romantics on Shakespeare. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1992.
Baugh Christopher, Garrick and Loutherbourg. Cambridge: Chadwick-Healey, 1990.
Beecher Hogan Charles, Shakespeare in the theatre 1701-1800. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1957, 2 vols.
Booth Michael R., Victorian spectacular theatre 1850-1910. Boston, Mass; London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981.
Booth Michael R., Theatre in the Victorian Age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
Bratton Jacqueline S., ‘Irrational Dress’, in The new woman and her sisters: feminism and theatre, 1850-1914, ed. Vivien Gardner and Susan Rutherford. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1992.
Burnim Kalman A., David Garrick: director. Pittsburgh (PA): University of Pittsburgh Press, 1961.
Burroughs Catherine B., Women in British Romantic theatre: drama, performance, and society, 1790-1840. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Butler Judith, Gender trouble: feminism and the subversion of identity. New York; London: Routledge, 1993.
Butler Judith, Bodies that matter: on the discursive limits of ‘sex’. New York; London: Routledge, 1993.
Case Sue-Ellen, Performing feminisms: feminist critical theory and theatre. Baltimore, Md.; London: John Hopkins University Press, 1990.
Castle Terry, The apparitional lesbian: female sexuality and modern culture. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.
Clare Janet, ‘Art made tongue-tied by authority’: Elizabethan and Jacobean dramatic censorship. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1990.
Claybourne Anna, Internet-linked world of Shakespeare. London: Usborne, 2001.
Conolly Leonard W., The censorship of English drama 1737-1824. Folkestone: Dawson, 1976.
Davis Thomas, Memoirs of the Life of David Garrick 1780. Hildesheim; New York: G. Olms Verlag, 1972.
Davis Tracy C., Actresses as working women. London: Routledge, 1991.
Di Michele Laura, La scena dei potenti. Teatro: politica e spettacolo nell’età di Shakespeare. Napoli: Istituto Universitario Orientale, 1988.
AUTORI
Di-K
Dirks Phyllis T., David Garrick. Boston, (Mass.): Twayne, 1985.
Donoghue Emma, Passions between women: British lesbian culture, 1668-1801. London: Scarlet P., 1993.
Donohue Joseph W. Jr., Dramatic character in the English Romantic Age. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970.
Downer Alan S., The Eminent Tragedian: William Charles Macready. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1966.
Dudden Faye E., Women in the American theatre: actresses and audiences, 1790-1876. New Haven; London: Yale University Press, 1994.
Dutton Richard, Mastering the revels: the regulation and censorship of English Renaissance drama. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1991.
Erskine Clement Clara, Charlotte Cushman. Boston: Osgood, 1882.
Faderman Lillian, Surpassing the love of men: Romantic friendship and love between women from the Renaissance to the present. New York: Morrow, 1981.
Ferris Lesley, Crossing the stage: controversies on cross-dressing. London: Routledge, 1993.
Ferris Lesley, Acting women: images of women in theatre. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1992.
Fisher Maeder Clara, Autobiography of Clara Fisher Maeder. New York: Dunlap Society, 1897.
Fisk Deborah C. P., The Cambridge Companion to English Restoration Theatre. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Foucault Michel, The history of sexuality, translated from the French by Robert Hurley-1978. New York: Vintage, 1988-1990.
Gentleman Francis, The Dramatic Censor. London: Printed for J. Bell, near Exeter - Exchange; and C. Etherington, at York, 1770, 2 vols.
Hughes Glenn, A History of the American Theatre 1700-1950. New York: Samuel French, 1951.
Jackson Russell, Victorian theatre. London: A & C Black, 1989.
Jackson Allan S., The standard theatre of Victorian England. Rutherford, N. J.: Fairleigh Dicknson University Press; London: Associated University Press, 1993.
Kent Christopher, ‘Image and Reality: the Actress and Society’, in A Widening Sphere: Changing Roles of Victorian Women, ed. Martha Vicinus. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1980.
Khan Sadiya, A Critical review of internet sites as a research source for Shakespeare. Bradford: MBC University Press, 2000.
AUTORI
L-W
Leach Joseph, Bright Particular Star: the life and times of Charlotte Cushman. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1970.
Levine Philippa, Victorian feminism 1850-1900. London: Hutchinson Education, 1987.
Liesenfeld Vincent J., The stage and The Licensing Act, 1729-1739.
New York: Garland, 1981.
Little David M. and Kahrl George M., The letters of David Garrick.
London: Oxford University Press, 1963, 3 vols.
Livermore Mary A., The Story of My Life: Or the Sunshine and Shadow of Seventy Years. Hartford, Connecticut: Worthington, 1898.
Matthews James B. and Hutton Laurence, Actors and actresses of Great Britain and the United States from the days of Garrick to the present time. New York: Cassell & Co., 1886.
Merill Lisa, When Romeo Was a Woman: Charlotte Cushman and her circle of female spectators. Ann Arbor Mich.: University of Michigan Press, 1999.
Montrose J. Moses, Famous actor families in America. Originally published: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1906, rpt., New York: Greenwood, 1968.
Moody Jane, Illegitimate theatre in London, 1770-1840. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Moody Richard, Edwin Forrest: First Star of the American Stage. New York: Knopf, 1960.
Nicoll Allardyce, The Garrick stage: theatres and audience in the eighteenth century; edited by Sybil Rosenfeld. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1980.
Nichol Smith David, Shakespeare in the eighteenth century. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968.
Nicholson Steve, The censorship of British Drama, 1900-1968. Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 2003.
Parton James, The World’s Famous Women: A Series of Sketches of Women Who Have Won Distinction by Their Genius and Achievements as Authors, Artists, Actors, Rulers, or within the Precinct of the Home. New York: Alden, n. d.
Pedicord Harry W. and Bergmann Fredrick L., The plays of David Garrick. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1980-82, vol. III.
Phelphs H. P., Players of a Century: A Record of the Albany Stage: Including Notices of Prominent Actors Who Have Appeared in America. Albany, N. Y.: McDonough, 1880.
Poole Adrian, Shakespeare and the Victorians. London: Arden Shakespeare, 2004.
Powell Jocelyn, Restoration theatre production. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1984.
Price Cecil, Layton John, Theatre in the age of Garrick. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1973.
Price William T., A life of Charlotte Cushman. New York: Brentano’s, 1894.
Rosthein Eric, Restoration tragedy. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. London, 1967.
Rusk Ralph L., The Life of Ralph Waldo Emerson. New York: Scribner’s, 1949.
Stebbins Emma C., Charlotte Cushman: her letters and memories of her life. Boston: Houghton, Osgood, 1878.
Stephens John R., The censorship of English drama 1824-1901. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980.
Stern Tiffany, Rehearsal in Garrick’s theatre, rehearsal from Shakespeare to Sheridan. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2000.
Stone George W. Jr., Kahrl George M., David Garrick: a critical biography. Carbondale (IL): Southern Illinois University Press, 1979.
Strang Lewis C., Players and Plays of the Last Quarter Century.
Boston: Page, 1903.
Taubman Howard, The Making of the American Theatre. New York: Coward-McCann, 1965.
Taylor Gary, The just delineation of the passions: theories and acting in the age of Garrick. Essays on the Eighteenth-century stage. Eds. K. Richards e P. Thomson. London: Methuen & CO. Ltd., 1973.
Taylor George, Players and performances in the Victorian theatre. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1989.
Thomas David, Theatre in Europe: a documentary history, Restoration and Georgian England 1660-1788. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
The Cambridge History of English and American Literature, in 18 vols., 1970. New York. G. P. Putnam’s Sons; England, Cambridge University Press, 1907-21. Online ed.: Published January 2000 by Bartleby.com.
Trewin John C., Shakespeare on the English stage 1900-1964. London: Barrie and Rockliff, 1964.
Trewin John C., Mr. Macready: A Nineteenth-Century Tragedian and His Theatre. London: Harrap, 1955.
Weeks Jeffrey, Sex, politics and society: the regulation of sexuality since 1800. London: Longman, 1981.
West Shearer, The image of the actor: verbal and visual representation in the age of Garrick and Kemble. London: Pinter, 1991.
Westland Marston, Our Recent Actors: Being Recollections Critical and in Many Cases Personal of Late Distinguished Performers of Both Sexes.
London: Low, Marston, Searle, and Rivington, 1890.
Wilson Garff B., A history of American acting. Bloomington and London: Indiana University Press, 1966.
Woods Leigh, Garrick claims the stage: acting as social emblem in eighteenth-century England. Westport, Connecticut; London: Greenwood Press, 1984.